1. Martin Sklar, The Corporate Reconstruction of American Capitalism, 1890-1916: The Market, the Law, and Politics (Cambridge, New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1988) 20-1.

2. Ibid. 44.

4. Sklar, Corporate Reconstruction of American Capitalism 72-3.

5. See note 3 above.

6. Murray Rothbard, "War Collectivism in World War I," in Murray Rothbard and Ronald Radosh, eds., A New History of Leviathan: Essays on the Rise of the American Corporate State (New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1972) 66-7.

7. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., The Age of Jackson (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1946) 505.

8. "Why Business Always Loses," qt. in G. William Domhoff, The Higher Circles: The Governing Class in America (New York: Vintage Books, 1971) 157.

9. Robert Rives La Monte, "You and Your Vote," International Socialist Review XIII, No. 2 (August 1912); "Editorial," International Socialist Review XIII, No. 6 (December 1912).

10. Friedrich Engels, Anti-Dühring, vol. 25 of Marx and Engels Collected Works (New York: International Publishers, 1987) 265.

11. James Weinstein, The Corporate Ideal in the Liberal State: 1900-1918 (Boston: Beacon Press, 1968).

12. George Orwell, 1984. Signet Classics reprint (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1949, 1981) 169.

14. Edgar Z. Friedenberg, The Disposal of Liberty and Other Industrial Wastes (Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor, 1976) 2-6.

15. William Appleman Williams, The Contours of American History (Cleveland and New York: The World Publishing Company, 1961) 382.

16. There is a large body of historical and industrial engineering work on this theme. See, for example: Harry Braverman, Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century, 25th Anniversary Edition (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1998); William Lazonick, Business Organization and the Myth of the Market Economy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991); William Lazonick, Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Steven A. Marglin, "What Do Bosses Do? The Origins and Functions of Hierarchy in Capitalist Production--Part I" Review of Radical Political Economics 6:2 (Summer 1974); David Montgomery, The Fall of the House of Labor (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979); David Montgomery, Workers Control in America (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979); David F. Noble, America by Design: Science, Technology, and the Rise of Corporate Capitalism (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1977); David F. Noble, Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial Automation (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984).

17. See James Weinstein, The Corporate Ideal in the Liberal State: 1900-1918 (Boston: Beacon Press, 1968).

18. Noble, America by Design 181.

19. Hilaire Belloc, The Servile State (Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, 1913, 1977) 146-7.

20. Gabriel Kolko, The Triumph of Conservatism: A Reinterpretation of American History 1900-1916 (New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1963) 3.

21. Paul M. Sweezy, "Competition and Monopoly," Monthly Review (May 1981) 1-16.

22. Kolko, Triumph of Conservatism 5.

23. Ibid. 268.

24. Ibid. 275.

25. Ibid. 287.

26. Ibid. 98-108.

27. Ronald Radosh, "The Myth of the New Deal," in Rothbard and Radosh, eds., A New History of Leviathan 154-5.

28. Thomas Ferguson and Joel Rogers. Right Turn (New York: Hill and Wang, 1986), p. 46; this line of analysis is pursued more intensively in Thomas Ferguson, Golden Rule: The Investment Theory of Party Competition and the Logic of Money-Driven Political Systems (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995).

29. Ferguson, Golden Rule 117 et seq.; John Kenneth Galbraith, The New Industrial State (New York: Signet Books, 1967) 25-37, 258-9, 274, 287-9.

30. Weinstein, Corporate Ideal in the Liberal State, esp. the first two chapters.

31. Montgomery, Workers’ Control in America 49-57.

32. Radosh, "The Myth of the New Deal" 178-9, 181.

33. Domhoff, Higher Circles 223.

34. Ibid. 225.

35. James O’Connor, The Fiscal Crisis of the State (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1973) 23.

36. G. William Domhoff, The Power Elite and the State: How Policy is Made in America (New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1990) 65-105.

38. James O’Connor, Accumulation Crisis (Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1984) 75.

39. Domhoff, Higher Circles 218.

40. Domhoff, Power Elite and the State 44-64.

41. Frances Fox Piven and Richard Cloward, Regulating the Poor (New York: Vintage Books, 1971, 1993).

42. Leo Tolstoy, "Parable" http://www.geocities.com/glasgowbranch/parable.html Captured June 5, 2002.

43. Belloc, Servile State 189.

44. John P. McCarthy, Hilaire Belloc: Edwardian Radical (Indianapolis: Liberty Press, 1978) Chapter 6.

45. Belloc, Servile State 190-1.

46. C. Wright Mills, The Power Elite (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1956, 2000) 101.

47. David W. Eakins, "Business Planners and America’s Postwar Expansion," in David Horowitz, ed., Corporations and the Cold War (New York and London: Monthly Review Press, 1969) 148.

48. G. William Domhoff, Who Rules America? (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967) 121.

49. Frank Kofsky, Harry S. Truman and the War Scare of 1948 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993).

50. Charles E. Nathanson, "The Militarization of the American Economy," in Horowitz, ed., Corporations and the Cold War 214.

51. Noble, America by Design 6-7.

52. Nathanson, "The Militarization of the American Economy" 208.

53. Ibid. 208.

54. Ibid. 230.

55. Ibid. 230.

56. Ibid. 222-5.

57. Seymour Melman, The Permanent War Economy: American Capitalism in Decline (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1974) 11.

58. Ibid. 21.

59. Mills, Power Elite 147.

60. Ibid. 277n.

61. G. William Domhoff, Who Rules America Now? (Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press, 1983, 1997) 2.

62. Domhoff, Who Rules America? 9-10.

63. Sklar, Corporate Reconstruction of American Capitalism 27.

64. Mills, Power Elite 118-146; see also material on corporate socialization in William M. Dugger, Corporate Hegemony (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1989).

65. Mills, Power Elite 147-70.

66. Bukharin, Imperialism and World Economy Chapter XI.

67. Ibid. Chapter XIII.

68. Mills, Power Elite 285.

69. For an excellent summary of the structuralists' differences with corporate liberals and elite theorists, see G. William Domhoff, Power Elite and the State, op. cit., pp. 1-44. The rest of the book is a series of case studies, with literature reviews of structuralist and state autonomist interpretations, of the major regulatory initiatives of the twentieth century.

70. See Domhoff’s chapter on right-wing conspiracy theory, "Dan Smoot, Phyllis Schlafly, Reverend McBirnie, and Me" in Higher Circles 281-308.

71. Paul Baran and Paul Sweeny, Monopoly Capitalism: An Essay in the American Economic and Social Order (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1966) 72, 77.

72. Ibid. 53-4.

73. Ibid. 61-2.

74. Mark J. Green, et al., eds., The Closed Enterprise System. Ralph Nader’s Study Group Report on Antitrust Enforcement (New York: Grossman Publishers, 1972) 14.

75. Baran and Sweezy, Monopoly Capital 63, 68-9.

76. Rudolf Hilferding, Finance Capital. Ed. and trans. By Tom Bottom ore (London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1910, 1981) 308.

77. Baran and Sweezy, Monopoly Capital 64-6.

78. O’Connor, Fiscal Crisis of the State 6-7.

79. Ibid. 24.

80. Ibid. 24.

81. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Capital vol. 3, vol. 37 of Marx and Engels Collected Works (New York: International Publishers, 1998) 234-5.

82. Daniel Gross, "Socialism, American Style: Why American CEOs covet a massive European-style social-welfare state" Slate Aug. 1, 2003 http://slate.msn.com/id/2086511/

83. C-SPAN, September 1, 2003.

84. O’Connor, Fiscal Crisis of the State 111.

85. Noble, America by Design 24 et seq.

86. Ibid. 132.

87. O’Connor, Fiscal Crisis of the State 112.

88. William Appleman Williams, "A Profile of the Corporate Elite," in Rothbard and Radosh, eds., New History of Leviathan 5.

89. O’Connor, Fiscal Crisis of the State 124.

90. Ibid. 160.

91. Ibid. Ibid. 69.

92. Ibid. 161.

93. Piven and Cloward, Regulating the Poor.